{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-65627", "assignerOrgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "EEF", "dateReserved": "2026-07-22T13:58:26.233Z", "datePublished": "2026-10-26T19:53:16.336Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T19:53:16.336Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["jose_jwe_zip", "jose_jwe", "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE'"], "packageName": "jose", "packageURL": "pkg:hex/jose", "product": "jose", "programFiles": ["src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl", "src/jwe/jose_jwe.erl", "lib/jose/jwe.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2"}, {"name": "jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2"}, {"name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE':block_decrypt/2"}], "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose", "vendor": "potatosalad", "versions": [{"lessThan": "1.11.13", "status": "affected", "version": "1.0.0", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://github.com", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["jose_jwe_zip", "jose_jwe", "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE'"], "packageName": "potatosalad/erlang-jose", "packageURL": "pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose", "product": "jose", "programFiles": ["src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl", "src/jwe/jose_jwe.erl", "lib/jose/jwe.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2"}, {"name": "jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2"}, {"name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE':block_decrypt/2"}], "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose", "vendor": "potatosalad", "versions": [{"lessThan": "857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad", "status": "affected", "version": "a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429", "versionType": "git"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndExcluding": "1.11.13", "versionStartIncluding": "1.0.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}], "operator": "AND"}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "type": "reporter", "value": "Peter Ullrich"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "remediation developer", "value": "Andrew Bennett"}, {"lang": "en", "type": "analyst", "value": "Jonatan M\u00e4nnchen / EEF"}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.</p>\n<p>The <code>jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2</code> function in <code>src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl</code> decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional <code>zip: DEF</code> header by calling <code>zlib:inflate/2</code> on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.</p>\n<p>Decompression runs automatically during decryption through <code>jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2</code> (<code>JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2</code> in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.</p>\n<p>This issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.\n\nThe `jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2` function in `src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl` decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional `zip: DEF` header by calling `zlib:inflate/2` on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.\n\nDecompression runs automatically during decryption through `jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2` (`JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2` in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13."}], "value": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.\n\nThe jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2 function in src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional zip: DEF header by calling zlib:inflate/2 on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.\n\nDecompression runs automatically during decryption through jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2 (JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2 in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13."}], "impacts": [{"capecId": "CAPEC-130", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CAPEC-130 Excessive Allocation"}]}], "metrics": [{"cvssV4_0": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "baseScore": 6.9, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "GENERAL"}]}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-409", "description": "CWE-409 Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "shortName": "EEF", "dateUpdated": "2026-10-26T19:53:16.336Z"}, "references": [{"tags": ["vendor-advisory", "related"], "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"}, {"name": "EEF CNA record for CVE-2026-65627", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65627.html"}, {"name": "OSV record EEF-CVE-2026-65627", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65627"}, {"name": "Introducing commit a7746ec in potatosalad/erlang-jose", "tags": ["related"], "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429"}, {"name": "Fix commit 857eb8e in potatosalad/erlang-jose", "tags": ["patch"], "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad"}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "title": "Decompression bomb via unbounded zlib:inflate in jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2", "workarounds": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Reject JWE tokens that carry a <code>zip</code> header before passing them to <code>jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2</code>. DEFLATE compression is rarely used in legitimate JWE traffic, so untrusted tokens whose protected header contains <code>zip: DEF</code> can be inspected and filtered out before decryption.</p>"}, {"base64": false, "type": "text/markdown", "value": "Reject JWE tokens that carry a `zip` header before passing them to `jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2`. DEFLATE compression is rarely used in legitimate JWE traffic, so untrusted tokens whose protected header contains `zip: DEF` can be inspected and filtered out before decryption."}], "value": "Reject JWE tokens that carry a zip header before passing them to jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2. DEFLATE compression is rarely used in legitimate JWE traffic, so untrusted tokens whose protected header contains zip: DEF can be inspected and filtered out before decryption."}]}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"collectionURL": "https://repo.hex.pm", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["jose_jwe_zip", "jose_jwe", "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE'"], "packageName": "jose", "packageURL": "pkg:hex/jose", "product": "jose", "programFiles": ["src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl", "src/jwe/jose_jwe.erl", "lib/jose/jwe.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2"}, {"name": "jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2"}, {"name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE':block_decrypt/2"}], "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose", "vendor": "potatosalad", "versions": [{"lessThan": "1.11.13", "status": "affected", "version": "1.0.0", "versionType": "semver"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://github.com", "cpes": ["cpe:2.3:a:potatosalad:jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*"], "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "modules": ["jose_jwe_zip", "jose_jwe", "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE'"], "packageName": "potatosalad/erlang-jose", "packageURL": "pkg:github/potatosalad/erlang-jose", "product": "jose", "programFiles": ["src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl", "src/jwe/jose_jwe.erl", "lib/jose/jwe.ex"], "programRoutines": [{"name": "jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2"}, {"name": "jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2"}, {"name": "'Elixir.JOSE.JWE':block_decrypt/2"}], "repo": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose", "vendor": "potatosalad", "versions": [{"lessThan": "857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad", "status": "affected", "version": "a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429", "versionType": "git"}]}], "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in potatosalad jose (erlang-jose) allows a remote attacker to exhaust a node's memory with a small crafted JWE token.\n\nThe jose_jwe_zip:uncompress/2 function in src/jwe/jose_jwe_zip.erl decompresses the DEFLATE-compressed plaintext of a JWE that carries the optional zip: DEF header by calling zlib:inflate/2 on the entire attacker-controlled stream, with no bound on the output size or the inflation ratio. Raw DEFLATE reaches ratios around 1000:1 on highly repetitive input, so a few-kilobyte token inflates to hundreds of megabytes or gigabytes in a single call.\n\nDecompression runs automatically during decryption through jose_jwe:block_decrypt/2 (JOSE.JWE.block_decrypt/2 in Elixir), before the recipient can inspect or reject the payload. With the common asymmetric key-management algorithms (RSA-OAEP, ECDH-ES) an attacker needs only the recipient's public key to craft such a token, so no authentication or secret material is required. A single small token can exhaust the node's memory and crash the BEAM, denying service to all users.\n\nThis issue affects jose: from 1.0.0 before 1.11.13."}], "id": "CVE-2026-65627", "lastModified": "2026-10-26T20:17:58.290", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "NONE", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 6.9, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-10-26T20:17:58.290", "references": [{"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-65627.html"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/857eb8e7f2d33e2c9ca2189e77226561cacaf2ad"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/commit/a7746ecd4950f85a393136e449a91dac62b5c429"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://github.com/potatosalad/erlang-jose/security/advisories/GHSA-wfpv-qxp8-x5gm"}, {"source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-65627"}], "sourceIdentifier": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "vulnStatus": "Received", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-409"}], "source": "6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{}

{}