{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-46116", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.098Z", "datePublished": "2026-05-28T09:35:30.689Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:29:48.359Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-05T12:29:48.359Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete\n\nKASAN reproduces a slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete()'s\nhlist_del_rcu calls under syzkaller load on linux-6.12.y stable\n(reproduced on 6.12.47, also reachable via the same code path on\ntorvalds/master and on the ipsec tree). Nine unique signatures cluster\nin the xfrm_state lifecycle, the load-bearing one being:\n\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __hlist_del include/linux/list.h:990 [inline]\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hlist_del_rcu include/linux/rculist.h:516 [inline]\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\n Write of size 8 at addr ffff8881198bcb70 by task kworker/u8:9/435\n\n Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n Call Trace:\n __hlist_del / hlist_del_rcu\n __xfrm_state_delete\n xfrm_state_delete\n xfrm_state_flush\n xfrm_state_fini\n ops_exit_list\n cleanup_net\n\nThe other observed signatures hit the same slab object from\n__xfrm_state_lookup, xfrm_alloc_spi, __xfrm_state_insert and an OOB\nwrite variant of __xfrm_state_delete, all on the byseq/byspi\nhash chains.\n\n__xfrm_state_delete() guards its byseq and byspi unhashes with\nvalue-based predicates:\n\n\tif (x->km.seq)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byseq);\n\tif (x->id.spi)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byspi);\n\nwhile everywhere else in the file (e.g. state_cache, state_cache_input)\nthe safer hlist_unhashed() check is used. xfrm_alloc_spi() sets\nx->id.spi = newspi inside xfrm_state_lock and then immediately inserts\ninto byspi, but a path that observes x->id.spi != 0 outside of\nxfrm_state_lock can still skip-or-hit the byspi unhash inconsistently\nwith whether x is actually on the list. The same holds for x->km.seq\nversus byseq, and the bydst/bysrc unhashes have no predicate at all,\nso a second __xfrm_state_delete() on the same object writes through\nLIST_POISON pprev.\n\nThe defensive change here:\n\n - Use hlist_del_init_rcu() instead of hlist_del_rcu() on bydst,\n bysrc, byseq and byspi so a second deletion is a no-op rather\n than a write through LIST_POISON pprev. The byseq/byspi nodes\n are already initialised in xfrm_state_alloc().\n - Test hlist_unhashed() rather than the value predicate for\n byseq/byspi, so the unhash decision tracks list state rather than\n mutable scalar fields.\n\nEmpirical verification: applied this patch on top of v6.12.47, rebuilt,\nand re-ran the same syzkaller harness for 1h16m on a previously-crashy\nconfiguration that produced ~100 hits each of slab-use-after-free\nRead in xfrm_alloc_spi / Read in __xfrm_state_lookup / Write in\n__xfrm_state_delete. After the patch, 7.1M execs across 32 VMs at\n~1550 exec/sec produced zero xfrm_state UAF/OOB hits. /proc/slabinfo\nconfirms the xfrm_state slab is actively allocated and freed during\nthe run (~143 KiB resident), so the fuzzer is still exercising those\ncode paths -- they just no longer crash.\n\nReproduction:\n\n - Linux 6.12.47 x86_64 + KASAN_GENERIC + KASAN_INLINE + KCOV\n - syzkaller @ 746545b8b1e4c3a128db8652b340d3df90ce61db\n - 32 QEMU/KVM VMs x 2 vCPU on AWS c5.metal bare metal\n - 9 unique signatures collected in ~9h, all within xfrm_state\n lifecycle"}], "metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}, "scenarios": [{"lang": "en", "value": "AV:L - The xfrm_state lifecycle is reached through the NETLINK_XFRM and PF_KEY socket interfaces (local syscalls); the freed object and the race are set up by the attacker's local state-management operations, not by remote packets.\nAC:L - Although it is a race/double-free, the attacker controls all racing actors (concurrent DELSA/ALLOCSPI/FLUSHSA threads plus namespace teardown they trigger) and can repeat indefinitely; syzkaller hit it ~100 times per hour, so a targeted trigger is reliable.\nPR:L - All xfrm operations require CAP_NET_ADMIN, but the check is against the netns user namespace, so an unprivileged user obtains it via `unshare -Urn` and exercises the per-netns xfrm_state path.\nUI:N - The attacker performs all state creation, deletion and namespace teardown itself; no victim action is required.\nS:U - The corruption is confined to the kernel's own slab memory within the same security authority; it is not a hypervisor or IOMMU boundary crossing.\nC:H - The slab-use-after-free gives the attacker control over freed xfrm_state contents and read-UAF sites (xfrm_alloc_spi/__xfrm_state_lookup), enabling arbitrary kernel memory disclosure.\nI:H - The UAF/OOB writes an attacker-influenced 8-byte list pointer into freed/adjacent slab memory, providing a heap write primitive leveragable for arbitrary write and control-flow hijack.\nA:H - The slab-use-after-free and out-of-bounds writes corrupt kernel hash chains, reliably causing oops/panic and bringing the kernel down."}]}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"], "versions": [{"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "6b4dc3181b4bfc5f5fc33ab33b1dc6e15759f4b6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "3943fcad7694a7d0b15aeabe7d3cc2a2eb8e92e8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "2c617848ae6e4f07a3e397f604208c293bbecacc", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "b4a53add2fa8f1b5aa17d4c5686c320785fab182", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "26edb0a3c99f9d958c212be68b21f1221614dcf0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "4980162de555cb838f1a189ce7d2cbf5d2e7b050", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "a2e2d08fb070fab4947447171f1c4e3ca5a188e5", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6", "lessThan": "14acf9652e5690de3c7486c6db5fb8dafd0a32a3", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"], "versions": [{"version": "2.6.19", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "2.6.19", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.10.261", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.210", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.176", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.140", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.88", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.30", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.1", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19", "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.261"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.210"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.176"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.140"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.88"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.19", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.30"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": 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xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"affected": [{"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:6.12.0-211.37.1.el10_2", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux_eus:10.0"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.0 Extended Update Support", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:6.12.0-55.88.1.el10_0", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_extras_rt_els:7"], 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"cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:5.14.0-687.22.1.el9_8", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:5.14.0-284.183.1.el9_2", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.2::nfv"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel-rt", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:5.14.0-284.183.1.rt14.468.el9_2", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_e4s:9.4"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Update Services for SAP Solutions", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:5.14.0-427.139.1.el9_4", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/a:redhat:rhel_eus:9.6"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.6 Extended Update Support", "vendor": "Red Hat", "versions": [{"lessThan": "*", "status": "unaffected", "version": "0:5.14.0-570.129.1.el9_6", "versionType": "rpm"}]}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6"], "defaultStatus": "unknown", "packageName": "kernel", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6", "vendor": "Red Hat"}, {"collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/", "cpes": ["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9"], "defaultStatus": "affected", "packageName": "kernel-rt", "product": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9", "vendor": "Red Hat"}], "datePublic": "2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's `xfrm` (IPSec framework) subsystem. This vulnerability, a use-after-free, occurs when the system incorrectly manages memory related to security policies, specifically during the deletion of `xfrm_state` lists. An attacker with local access could exploit this flaw by triggering specific operations, leading to memory corruption. This could cause the system to become unstable, resulting in crashes or a Denial of Service (DoS), and potentially allow for unauthorized access to sensitive information or increased privileges."}], "metrics": [{"other": {"content": {"namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/", "value": "Important"}, "type": "Red Hat severity rating"}}, {"cvssV3_1": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "format": "CVSS"}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-763", "description": "Release of Invalid Pointer or Reference", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "references": [{"tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_REDHAT"], "url": 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Enterprise Linux BaseOS AUS (v.8.6), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS EUS EXTENSION (v.8.6)"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "RHSA-2026:47869: Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS E4S (v.8.8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux BaseOS TUS (v.8.8)"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "RHSA-2026:39180: Red Hat Enterprise Linux NFV (v. 8), Red Hat Enterprise Linux RT (v. 8)"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "RHSA-2026:47632: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time E4S (v.9.2), Red Hat Enterprise Linux Real Time for NFV E4S (v.9.2)"}], "timeline": [{"lang": "en", "time": "2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z", "value": "Reported to Red Hat."}, {"lang": "en", "time": "2026-05-28T00:00:00.000Z", "value": "Made public."}], "title": "kernel: xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete", "x_adpType": "supplier", "x_generator": {"engine": "sadp-cli 1.0.0"}, "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c", "shortName": "redhat-SADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-08-03T12:06:04.633Z"}}]}}

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stable\n(reproduced on 6.12.47, also reachable via the same code path on\ntorvalds/master and on the ipsec tree). Nine unique signatures cluster\nin the xfrm_state lifecycle, the load-bearing one being:\n\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __hlist_del include/linux/list.h:990 [inline]\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hlist_del_rcu include/linux/rculist.h:516 [inline]\n BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\n Write of size 8 at addr ffff8881198bcb70 by task kworker/u8:9/435\n\n Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n Call Trace:\n __hlist_del / hlist_del_rcu\n __xfrm_state_delete\n xfrm_state_delete\n xfrm_state_flush\n xfrm_state_fini\n ops_exit_list\n cleanup_net\n\nThe other observed signatures hit the same slab object from\n__xfrm_state_lookup, xfrm_alloc_spi, __xfrm_state_insert and an OOB\nwrite variant of __xfrm_state_delete, all on the byseq/byspi\nhash chains.\n\n__xfrm_state_delete() guards its byseq and byspi unhashes with\nvalue-based predicates:\n\n\tif (x->km.seq)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byseq);\n\tif (x->id.spi)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byspi);\n\nwhile everywhere else in the file (e.g. state_cache, state_cache_input)\nthe safer hlist_unhashed() check is used. xfrm_alloc_spi() sets\nx->id.spi = newspi inside xfrm_state_lock and then immediately inserts\ninto byspi, but a path that observes x->id.spi != 0 outside of\nxfrm_state_lock can still skip-or-hit the byspi unhash inconsistently\nwith whether x is actually on the list. The same holds for x->km.seq\nversus byseq, and the bydst/bysrc unhashes have no predicate at all,\nso a second __xfrm_state_delete() on the same object writes through\nLIST_POISON pprev.\n\nThe defensive change here:\n\n - Use hlist_del_init_rcu() instead of hlist_del_rcu() on bydst,\n bysrc, byseq and byspi so a second deletion is a no-op rather\n than a write through LIST_POISON pprev. The byseq/byspi nodes\n are already initialised in xfrm_state_alloc().\n - Test hlist_unhashed() rather than the value predicate for\n byseq/byspi, so the unhash decision tracks list state rather than\n mutable scalar fields.\n\nEmpirical verification: applied this patch on top of v6.12.47, rebuilt,\nand re-ran the same syzkaller harness for 1h16m on a previously-crashy\nconfiguration that produced ~100 hits each of slab-use-after-free\nRead in xfrm_alloc_spi / Read in __xfrm_state_lookup / Write in\n__xfrm_state_delete. After the patch, 7.1M execs across 32 VMs at\n~1550 exec/sec produced zero xfrm_state UAF/OOB hits. /proc/slabinfo\nconfirms the xfrm_state slab is actively allocated and freed during\nthe run (~143 KiB resident), so the fuzzer is still exercising those\ncode paths -- they just no longer crash.\n\nReproduction:\n\n - Linux 6.12.47 x86_64 + KASAN_GENERIC + KASAN_INLINE + KCOV\n - syzkaller @ 746545b8b1e4c3a128db8652b340d3df90ce61db\n - 32 QEMU/KVM VMs x 2 vCPU on AWS c5.metal bare metal\n - 9 unique signatures collected in ~9h, all within xfrm_state\n lifecycle"}], "id": "CVE-2026-46116", "lastModified": "2026-08-03T13:18:40.657", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": 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{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: xfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete", "id": "2482523", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482523"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-763", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's `xfrm` (IPSec framework) subsystem. This vulnerability, a use-after-free, occurs when the system incorrectly manages memory related to security policies, specifically during the deletion of `xfrm_state` lists. An attacker with local access could exploit this flaw by triggering specific operations, leading to memory corruption. This could cause the system to become unstable, resulting in crashes or a Denial of Service (DoS), and potentially allow for unauthorized access to sensitive information or increased privileges."], "name": "CVE-2026-46116", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Under investigation", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-05-28T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-46116\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46116\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026052814-CVE-2026-46116-73b8@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Important"}

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