{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-120459", "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck", "dateReserved": "2026-11-02T12:42:23.406Z", "datePublished": "2026-11-02T14:29:15.767Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-11-02T14:29:15.767Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10", "shortName": "VulnCheck", "dateUpdated": "2026-11-02T14:29:15.767Z"}, "datePublic": "2026-03-08T00:00:00.000Z", "title": "python-jose through 3.5.0 Authentication Bypass via Empty HMAC Key", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "python-jose through 3.5.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge JWTs because HMACKey and CryptographyHMACKey accept zero-length HMAC secrets. When an application's HS256/HS384/HS512 verification key resolves to empty, such as an oct JWK with empty k, attackers can forge tokens with arbitrary claims that jwt.decode accepts."}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "description": "Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature", "cweId": "CWE-347", "type": "CWE"}]}], "affected": [{"vendor": "mpdavis", "product": "python-jose", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "versions": [{"version": "0", "lessThanOrEqual": "3.5.0", "status": "affected", "versionType": "semver"}], "packageURL": "pkg:pypi/python-jose", "repo": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose"}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:python-jose_project:python-jose:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionEndIncluding": "3.5.0"}]}]}], "metrics": [{"format": "CVSS", "cvssV4_0": {"version": "4.0", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.1, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL"}}, {"format": "CVSS", "cvssV3_1": {"version": "3.1", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.4, "baseSeverity": "HIGH"}}], "references": [{"url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/issues/398", "tags": ["issue-tracking"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/3.5.0/jose/backends/native.py", "tags": ["technical-description"]}, {"url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/3.5.0/jose/backends/cryptography_backend.py", "tags": ["technical-description"]}, {"name": "VulnCheck Advisory: python-jose through 3.5.0 Authentication Bypass via Empty HMAC Key", "tags": ["third-party-advisory"], "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/python-jose-through-3.5.0-authentication-bypass-via-empty-hmac-key"}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Gavin Blacklock", "type": "finder"}, {"lang": "en", "value": "Conner Webber", "type": "finder"}], "x_generator": {"engine": "vulncheck-endgame"}}}}

{}

{"affected": [{"affectedData": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "packageURL": "pkg:pypi/python-jose", "product": "python-jose", "repo": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose", "vendor": "mpdavis", "versions": [{"lessThanOrEqual": "3.5.0", "status": "affected", "version": "0", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "source": "[email protected]"}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "python-jose through 3.5.0 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to forge JWTs because HMACKey and CryptographyHMACKey accept zero-length HMAC secrets. When an application's HS256/HS384/HS512 verification key resolves to empty, such as an oct JWK with empty k, attackers can forge tokens with arbitrary claims that jwt.decode accepts."}], "id": "CVE-2026-120459", "lastModified": "2026-11-02T19:14:53.030", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "HIGH", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.4, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "impactScore": 5.2, "source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary"}], "cvssMetricV40": [{"cvssData": {"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED", "Recovery": "NOT_DEFINED", "Safety": "NOT_DEFINED", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackRequirements": "PRESENT", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "baseScore": 9.1, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "exploitMaturity": "NOT_DEFINED", "integrityRequirement": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackComplexity": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackRequirements": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedAttackVector": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedPrivilegesRequired": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedSubIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedUserInteraction": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnAvailabilityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnConfidentialityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "modifiedVulnIntegrityImpact": "NOT_DEFINED", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED", "subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE", "subIntegrityImpact": "NONE", "userInteraction": "NONE", "valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED", "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X", "version": "4.0", "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE", "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH", "vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "NOT_DEFINED"}, "source": "[email protected]", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2026-11-02T15:17:29.867", "references": [{"source": "[email protected]", "url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/3.5.0/jose/backends/cryptography_backend.py"}, {"source": "[email protected]", "url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/3.5.0/jose/backends/native.py"}, {"source": "[email protected]", "url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/issues/398"}, {"source": "[email protected]", "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/python-jose-through-3.5.0-authentication-bypass-via-empty-hmac-key"}], "sourceIdentifier": "[email protected]", "vulnStatus": "Awaiting Analysis", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-347"}], "source": "[email protected]", "type": "Primary"}]}

{}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[0,3.5.0]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 95.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 95.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "python-jose", "source": "cna", "vendor": "mpdavis"}, "product": "python-jose", "vendor": "python-jose_project"}], "created": "2026-11-02T15:45:17.787401+00:00", "updated": "2026-11-02T16:30:17.964339+00:00", "vendors": ["python-jose_project", "python-jose_project$PRODUCT$python-jose"]}