| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
platform/chrome: cros_ec_typec: zero out stale pointers
`cros_typec_get_switch_handles` allocates four pointers when obtaining
type-c switch handles. These pointers are all freed if failing to obtain
any of them; therefore, pointers in `port` become stale. The stale
pointers eventually cause use-after-free or double free in later code
paths. Zeroing out all pointer fields after freeing to eliminate these
stale pointers. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
of: overlay: Call of_changeset_init() early
When of_overlay_fdt_apply() fails, the changeset may be partially
applied, and the caller is still expected to call of_overlay_remove() to
clean up this partial state.
However, of_overlay_apply() calls of_resolve_phandles() before
init_overlay_changeset(). Hence if the overlay fails to apply due to an
unresolved symbol, the overlay_changeset.cset.entries list is still
uninitialized, and cleanup will crash with a NULL-pointer dereference in
overlay_removal_is_ok().
Fix this by moving the call to of_changeset_init() from
init_overlay_changeset() to of_overlay_fdt_apply(), where all other
early initialization is done. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
md/raid5-cache: fix a deadlock in r5l_exit_log()
Commit b13015af94cf ("md/raid5-cache: Clear conf->log after finishing
work") introduce a new problem:
// caller hold reconfig_mutex
r5l_exit_log
flush_work(&log->disable_writeback_work)
r5c_disable_writeback_async
wait_event
/*
* conf->log is not NULL, and mddev_trylock()
* will fail, wait_event() can never pass.
*/
conf->log = NULL
Fix this problem by setting 'config->log' to NULL before wake_up() as it
used to be, so that wait_event() from r5c_disable_writeback_async() can
exist. In the meantime, move forward md_unregister_thread() so that
null-ptr-deref this commit fixed can still be fixed. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
md/raid10: fix null-ptr-deref in raid10_sync_request
init_resync() inits mempool and sets conf->have_replacemnt at the beginning
of sync, close_sync() frees the mempool when sync is completed.
After [1] recovery might be skipped and init_resync() is called but
close_sync() is not. null-ptr-deref occurs with r10bio->dev[i].repl_bio.
The following is one way to reproduce the issue.
1) create a array, wait for resync to complete, mddev->recovery_cp is set
to MaxSector.
2) recovery is woken and it is skipped. conf->have_replacement is set to
0 in init_resync(). close_sync() not called.
3) some io errors and rdev A is set to WantReplacement.
4) a new device is added and set to A's replacement.
5) recovery is woken, A have replacement, but conf->have_replacemnt is
0. r10bio->dev[i].repl_bio will not be alloced and null-ptr-deref
occurs.
Fix it by not calling init_resync() if recovery skipped.
[1] commit 7e83ccbecd60 ("md/raid10: Allow skipping recovery when clean arrays are assembled") |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
drm/i915: Fix NULL ptr deref by checking new_crtc_state
intel_atomic_get_new_crtc_state can return NULL, unless crtc state wasn't
obtained previously with intel_atomic_get_crtc_state, so we must check it
for NULLness here, just as in many other places, where we can't guarantee
that intel_atomic_get_crtc_state was called.
We are currently getting NULL ptr deref because of that, so this fix was
confirmed to help.
(cherry picked from commit 1d5b09f8daf859247a1ea65b0d732a24d88980d8) |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
dccp: fix data-race around dp->dccps_mss_cache
dccp_sendmsg() reads dp->dccps_mss_cache before locking the socket.
Same thing in do_dccp_getsockopt().
Add READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() annotations,
and change dccp_sendmsg() to check again dccps_mss_cache
after socket is locked. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: read sk->sk_family once in sk_mc_loop()
syzbot is playing with IPV6_ADDRFORM quite a lot these days,
and managed to hit the WARN_ON_ONCE(1) in sk_mc_loop()
We have many more similar issues to fix.
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 1593 at net/core/sock.c:782 sk_mc_loop+0x165/0x260
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 PID: 1593 Comm: kworker/1:3 Not tainted 6.1.40-syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/26/2023
Workqueue: events_power_efficient gc_worker
RIP: 0010:sk_mc_loop+0x165/0x260 net/core/sock.c:782
Code: 34 1b fd 49 81 c7 18 05 00 00 4c 89 f8 48 c1 e8 03 42 80 3c 20 00 74 08 4c 89 ff e8 25 36 6d fd 4d 8b 37 eb 13 e8 db 33 1b fd <0f> 0b b3 01 eb 34 e8 d0 33 1b fd 45 31 f6 49 83 c6 38 4c 89 f0 48
RSP: 0018:ffffc90000388530 EFLAGS: 00010246
RAX: ffffffff846d9b55 RBX: 0000000000000011 RCX: ffff88814f884980
RDX: 0000000000000102 RSI: ffffffff87ae5160 RDI: 0000000000000011
RBP: ffffc90000388550 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: ffffffff846d9a65
R10: 0000000000000002 R11: ffff88814f884980 R12: dffffc0000000000
R13: ffff88810dbee000 R14: 0000000000000010 R15: ffff888150084000
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8881f6b00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000020000180 CR3: 000000014ee5b000 CR4: 00000000003506e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
<IRQ>
[<ffffffff8507734f>] ip6_finish_output2+0x33f/0x1ae0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:83
[<ffffffff85062766>] __ip6_finish_output net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:200 [inline]
[<ffffffff85062766>] ip6_finish_output+0x6c6/0xb10 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:211
[<ffffffff85061f8c>] NF_HOOK_COND include/linux/netfilter.h:298 [inline]
[<ffffffff85061f8c>] ip6_output+0x2bc/0x3d0 net/ipv6/ip6_output.c:232
[<ffffffff852071cf>] dst_output include/net/dst.h:444 [inline]
[<ffffffff852071cf>] ip6_local_out+0x10f/0x140 net/ipv6/output_core.c:161
[<ffffffff83618fb4>] ipvlan_process_v6_outbound drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_core.c:483 [inline]
[<ffffffff83618fb4>] ipvlan_process_outbound drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_core.c:529 [inline]
[<ffffffff83618fb4>] ipvlan_xmit_mode_l3 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_core.c:602 [inline]
[<ffffffff83618fb4>] ipvlan_queue_xmit+0x1174/0x1be0 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_core.c:677
[<ffffffff8361ddd9>] ipvlan_start_xmit+0x49/0x100 drivers/net/ipvlan/ipvlan_main.c:229
[<ffffffff84763fc0>] netdev_start_xmit include/linux/netdevice.h:4925 [inline]
[<ffffffff84763fc0>] xmit_one net/core/dev.c:3644 [inline]
[<ffffffff84763fc0>] dev_hard_start_xmit+0x320/0x980 net/core/dev.c:3660
[<ffffffff8494c650>] sch_direct_xmit+0x2a0/0x9c0 net/sched/sch_generic.c:342
[<ffffffff8494d883>] qdisc_restart net/sched/sch_generic.c:407 [inline]
[<ffffffff8494d883>] __qdisc_run+0xb13/0x1e70 net/sched/sch_generic.c:415
[<ffffffff8478c426>] qdisc_run+0xd6/0x260 include/net/pkt_sched.h:125
[<ffffffff84796eac>] net_tx_action+0x7ac/0x940 net/core/dev.c:5247
[<ffffffff858002bd>] __do_softirq+0x2bd/0x9bd kernel/softirq.c:599
[<ffffffff814c3fe8>] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:430 [inline]
[<ffffffff814c3fe8>] __irq_exit_rcu+0xc8/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:683
[<ffffffff814c3f09>] irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:695 |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: ath9k: htc_hst: free skb in ath9k_htc_rx_msg() if there is no callback function
It is stated that ath9k_htc_rx_msg() either frees the provided skb or
passes its management to another callback function. However, the skb is
not freed in case there is no another callback function, and Syzkaller was
able to cause a memory leak. Also minor comment fix.
Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ethtool: eeprom: fix null-deref on genl_info in dump
The similar fix as commit 46cdedf2a0fa ("ethtool: pse-pd: fix null-deref on
genl_info in dump") is also needed for ethtool eeprom. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: openvswitch: reject negative ifindex
Recent changes in net-next (commit 759ab1edb56c ("net: store netdevs
in an xarray")) refactored the handling of pre-assigned ifindexes
and let syzbot surface a latent problem in ovs. ovs does not validate
ifindex, making it possible to create netdev ports with negative
ifindex values. It's easy to repro with YNL:
$ ./cli.py --spec netlink/specs/ovs_datapath.yaml \
--do new \
--json '{"upcall-pid": 1, "name":"my-dp"}'
$ ./cli.py --spec netlink/specs/ovs_vport.yaml \
--do new \
--json '{"upcall-pid": "00000001", "name": "some-port0", "dp-ifindex":3,"ifindex":4294901760,"type":2}'
$ ip link show
-65536: some-port0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 7a:48:21:ad:0b:fb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
...
Validate the inputs. Now the second command correctly returns:
$ ./cli.py --spec netlink/specs/ovs_vport.yaml \
--do new \
--json '{"upcall-pid": "00000001", "name": "some-port0", "dp-ifindex":3,"ifindex":4294901760,"type":2}'
lib.ynl.NlError: Netlink error: Numerical result out of range
nl_len = 108 (92) nl_flags = 0x300 nl_type = 2
error: -34 extack: {'msg': 'integer out of range', 'unknown': [[type:4 len:36] b'\x0c\x00\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x0c\x00\x03\x00\xff\xff\xff\x7f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x01\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00'], 'bad-attr': '.ifindex'}
Accept 0 since it used to be silently ignored. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iavf: use internal state to free traffic IRQs
If the system tries to close the netdev while iavf_reset_task() is
running, __LINK_STATE_START will be cleared and netif_running() will
return false in iavf_reinit_interrupt_scheme(). This will result in
iavf_free_traffic_irqs() not being called and a leak as follows:
[7632.489326] remove_proc_entry: removing non-empty directory 'irq/999', leaking at least 'iavf-enp24s0f0v0-TxRx-0'
[7632.490214] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 10 at fs/proc/generic.c:718 remove_proc_entry+0x19b/0x1b0
is shown when pci_disable_msix() is later called. Fix by using the
internal adapter state. The traffic IRQs will always exist if
state == __IAVF_RUNNING. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
crypto: api - Use work queue in crypto_destroy_instance
The function crypto_drop_spawn expects to be called in process
context. However, when an instance is unregistered while it still
has active users, the last user may cause the instance to be freed
in atomic context.
Fix this by delaying the freeing to a work queue. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
RDMA/siw: Fix QP destroy to wait for all references dropped.
Delay QP destroy completion until all siw references to QP are
dropped. The calling RDMA core will free QP structure after
successful return from siw_qp_destroy() call, so siw must not
hold any remaining reference to the QP upon return.
A use-after-free was encountered in xfstest generic/460, while
testing NFSoRDMA. Here, after a TCP connection drop by peer,
the triggered siw_cm_work_handler got delayed until after
QP destroy call, referencing a QP which has already freed. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
dm: don't attempt to queue IO under RCU protection
dm looks up the table for IO based on the request type, with an
assumption that if the request is marked REQ_NOWAIT, it's fine to
attempt to submit that IO while under RCU read lock protection. This
is not OK, as REQ_NOWAIT just means that we should not be sleeping
waiting on other IO, it does not mean that we can't potentially
schedule.
A simple test case demonstrates this quite nicely:
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct iovec iov;
int fd;
fd = open("/dev/dm-0", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECT);
posix_memalign(&iov.iov_base, 4096, 4096);
iov.iov_len = 4096;
preadv2(fd, &iov, 1, 0, RWF_NOWAIT);
return 0;
}
which will instantly spew:
BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at include/linux/sched/mm.h:306
in_atomic(): 0, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 5580, name: dm-nowait
preempt_count: 0, expected: 0
RCU nest depth: 1, expected: 0
INFO: lockdep is turned off.
CPU: 7 PID: 5580 Comm: dm-nowait Not tainted 6.6.0-rc1-g39956d2dcd81 #132
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.16.2-debian-1.16.2-1 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x11d/0x1b0
__might_resched+0x3c3/0x5e0
? preempt_count_sub+0x150/0x150
mempool_alloc+0x1e2/0x390
? mempool_resize+0x7d0/0x7d0
? lock_sync+0x190/0x190
? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670
? internal_get_user_pages_fast+0x868/0x2d40
bio_alloc_bioset+0x417/0x8c0
? bvec_alloc+0x200/0x200
? internal_get_user_pages_fast+0xb8c/0x2d40
bio_alloc_clone+0x53/0x100
dm_submit_bio+0x27f/0x1a20
? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670
? blk_try_enter_queue+0x1a0/0x4d0
? dm_dax_direct_access+0x260/0x260
? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0
? blk_try_enter_queue+0x1cc/0x4d0
__submit_bio+0x239/0x310
? __bio_queue_enter+0x700/0x700
? kvm_clock_get_cycles+0x40/0x60
? ktime_get+0x285/0x470
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x4d9/0xb80
? should_fail_request+0x80/0x80
? preempt_count_sub+0x150/0x150
? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670
? __bio_add_page+0x143/0x2d0
? iov_iter_revert+0x27/0x360
submit_bio_noacct+0x53e/0x1b30
submit_bio_wait+0x10a/0x230
? submit_bio_wait_endio+0x40/0x40
__blkdev_direct_IO_simple+0x4f8/0x780
? blkdev_bio_end_io+0x4c0/0x4c0
? stack_trace_save+0x90/0xc0
? __bio_clone+0x3c0/0x3c0
? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670
? lock_sync+0x190/0x190
? atime_needs_update+0x3bf/0x7e0
? timestamp_truncate+0x21b/0x2d0
? inode_owner_or_capable+0x240/0x240
blkdev_direct_IO.part.0+0x84a/0x1810
? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0
? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670
? blkdev_read_iter+0x40d/0x530
? reacquire_held_locks+0x4e0/0x4e0
? __blkdev_direct_IO_simple+0x780/0x780
? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0
? __mark_inode_dirty+0x297/0xd50
? preempt_count_add+0x72/0x140
blkdev_read_iter+0x2a4/0x530
do_iter_readv_writev+0x2f2/0x3c0
? generic_copy_file_range+0x1d0/0x1d0
? fsnotify_perm.part.0+0x25d/0x630
? security_file_permission+0xd8/0x100
do_iter_read+0x31b/0x880
? import_iovec+0x10b/0x140
vfs_readv+0x12d/0x1a0
? vfs_iter_read+0xb0/0xb0
? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0
? rcu_is_watching+0x12/0xb0
? lock_release+0x4b7/0x670
do_preadv+0x1b3/0x260
? do_readv+0x370/0x370
__x64_sys_preadv2+0xef/0x150
do_syscall_64+0x39/0xb0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
RIP: 0033:0x7f5af41ad806
Code: 41 54 41 89 fc 55 44 89 c5 53 48 89 cb 48 83 ec 18 80 3d e4 dd 0d 00 00 74 7a 45 89 c1 49 89 ca 45 31 c0 b8 47 01 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 0f 87 be 00 00 00 48 85 c0 79 4a 48 8b 0d da 55
RSP: 002b:00007ffd3145c7f0 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000147
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 00007f5af41ad806
RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 00007ffd3145c850 RDI: 0000000000000003
RBP: 0000000000000008 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000008
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000003
R13: 00007ffd3145c850 R14: 000055f5f0431dd8 R15: 0000000000000001
</TASK>
where in fact it is
---truncated--- |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
md: fix warning for holder mismatch from export_rdev()
Commit a1d767191096 ("md: use mddev->external to select holder in
export_rdev()") fix the problem that 'claim_rdev' is used for
blkdev_get_by_dev() while 'rdev' is used for blkdev_put().
However, if mddev->external is changed from 0 to 1, then 'rdev' is used
for blkdev_get_by_dev() while 'claim_rdev' is used for blkdev_put(). And
this problem can be reporduced reliably by following:
New file: mdadm/tests/23rdev-lifetime
devname=${dev0##*/}
devt=`cat /sys/block/$devname/dev`
pid=""
runtime=2
clean_up_test() {
pill -9 $pid
echo clear > /sys/block/md0/md/array_state
}
trap 'clean_up_test' EXIT
add_by_sysfs() {
while true; do
echo $devt > /sys/block/md0/md/new_dev
done
}
remove_by_sysfs(){
while true; do
echo remove > /sys/block/md0/md/dev-${devname}/state
done
}
echo md0 > /sys/module/md_mod/parameters/new_array || die "create md0 failed"
add_by_sysfs &
pid="$pid $!"
remove_by_sysfs &
pid="$pid $!"
sleep $runtime
exit 0
Test cmd:
./test --save-logs --logdir=/tmp/ --keep-going --dev=loop --tests=23rdev-lifetime
Test result:
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 960 at block/bdev.c:618 blkdev_put+0x27c/0x330
Modules linked in: multipath md_mod loop
CPU: 0 PID: 960 Comm: test Not tainted 6.5.0-rc2-00121-g01e55c376936-dirty #50
RIP: 0010:blkdev_put+0x27c/0x330
Call Trace:
<TASK>
export_rdev.isra.23+0x50/0xa0 [md_mod]
mddev_unlock+0x19d/0x300 [md_mod]
rdev_attr_store+0xec/0x190 [md_mod]
sysfs_kf_write+0x52/0x70
kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x19a/0x2a0
vfs_write+0x3b5/0x770
ksys_write+0x74/0x150
__x64_sys_write+0x22/0x30
do_syscall_64+0x40/0x90
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x63/0xcd
Fix the problem by recording if 'rdev' is used as holder. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
net: rds: don't hold sock lock when cancelling work from rds_tcp_reset_callbacks()
syzbot is reporting lockdep warning at rds_tcp_reset_callbacks() [1], for
commit ac3615e7f3cffe2a ("RDS: TCP: Reduce code duplication in
rds_tcp_reset_callbacks()") added cancel_delayed_work_sync() into a section
protected by lock_sock() without realizing that rds_send_xmit() might call
lock_sock().
We don't need to protect cancel_delayed_work_sync() using lock_sock(), for
even if rds_{send,recv}_worker() re-queued this work while __flush_work()
from cancel_delayed_work_sync() was waiting for this work to complete,
retried rds_{send,recv}_worker() is no-op due to the absence of RDS_CONN_UP
bit. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: fix deadlock due to mbcache entry corruption
When manipulating xattr blocks, we can deadlock infinitely looping
inside ext4_xattr_block_set() where we constantly keep finding xattr
block for reuse in mbcache but we are unable to reuse it because its
reference count is too big. This happens because cache entry for the
xattr block is marked as reusable (e_reusable set) although its
reference count is too big. When this inconsistency happens, this
inconsistent state is kept indefinitely and so ext4_xattr_block_set()
keeps retrying indefinitely.
The inconsistent state is caused by non-atomic update of e_reusable bit.
e_reusable is part of a bitfield and e_reusable update can race with
update of e_referenced bit in the same bitfield resulting in loss of one
of the updates. Fix the problem by using atomic bitops instead.
This bug has been around for many years, but it became *much* easier
to hit after commit 65f8b80053a1 ("ext4: fix race when reusing xattr
blocks"). |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
wifi: mwifiex: fix memory leak in mwifiex_histogram_read()
Always free the zeroed page on return from 'mwifiex_histogram_read()'. |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
ext4: fix rbtree traversal bug in ext4_mb_use_preallocated
During allocations, while looking for preallocations(PA) in the per
inode rbtree, we can't do a direct traversal of the tree because
ext4_mb_discard_group_preallocation() can paralelly mark the pa deleted
and that can cause direct traversal to skip some entries. This was
leading to a BUG_ON() being hit [1] when we missed a PA that could satisfy
our request and ultimately tried to create a new PA that would overlap
with the missed one.
To makes sure we handle that case while still keeping the performance of
the rbtree, we make use of the fact that the only pa that could possibly
overlap the original goal start is the one that satisfies the below
conditions:
1. It must have it's logical start immediately to the left of
(ie less than) original logical start.
2. It must not be deleted
To find this pa we use the following traversal method:
1. Descend into the rbtree normally to find the immediate neighboring
PA. Here we keep descending irrespective of if the PA is deleted or if
it overlaps with our request etc. The goal is to find an immediately
adjacent PA.
2. If the found PA is on right of original goal, use rb_prev() to find
the left adjacent PA.
3. Check if this PA is deleted and keep moving left with rb_prev() until
a non deleted PA is found.
4. This is the PA we are looking for. Now we can check if it can satisfy
the original request and proceed accordingly.
This approach also takes care of having deleted PAs in the tree.
(While we are at it, also fix a possible overflow bug in calculating the
end of a PA)
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/CA+G9fYv2FRpLqBZf34ZinR8bU2_ZRAUOjKAD3+tKRFaEQHtt8Q@mail.gmail.com/ |
| In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
amdgpu: validate offset_in_bo of drm_amdgpu_gem_va
This is motivated by OOB access in amdgpu_vm_update_range when
offset_in_bo+map_size overflows.
v2: keep the validations in amdgpu_vm_bo_map
v3: add the validations to amdgpu_vm_bo_map/amdgpu_vm_bo_replace_map
rather than to amdgpu_gem_va_ioctl |
